These multiple dimensions imply using multiple policy instruments. The paper elaborates a framework for developing countries that involves active use of countercyclical macroeconomic policies (exchange rate, monetary and fiscal), together with capital management techniques (capital account regulations and prudential rules incorporating macroeconomic dimensions). It also explores the role of international financial institutions in facilitating developing countries’ use of countercyclical macroeconomic policies.
On June 20, 2025 the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (PASS) and Columbia University’s Initiative
- 06/20/2025
- Policy Brief